1. Prepare Your Vehicle
a. Winter Tires:
- Installation: Equip your car with winter or all-season tires that are rated for cold weather. Winter tires offer better traction on ice and snow.
- Check Pressure: Keep your tires properly inflated, as cold temperatures can reduce tire pressure.
b. Battery Check:
- Inspection: Have your car battery tested and replaced if necessary. Cold weather can reduce battery performance and increase the likelihood of a dead battery.
- Clean Terminals: Ensure that battery terminals are clean and free from corrosion.
c. Fluids:
- Antifreeze: Check and top up the coolant (antifreeze) to prevent the engine from freezing.
- Wiper Fluid: Use winter-grade windshield washer fluid to prevent it from freezing and ensure good visibility.
d. Wipers and Lights:
- Wiper Blades: Replace worn wiper blades and ensure they are suitable for winter conditions.
- Lights: Ensure all lights, including headlights, taillights, and brake lights, are functioning correctly and clear of snow and ice.
e. Emergency Kit:
- Contents: Keep an emergency kit in your car, including a shovel, ice scraper, blanket, first-aid kit, flashlight, food, water, and sand or kitty litter for traction.
2. Drive Cautiously
a. Reduce Speed:
- Slower Driving: Reduce your speed to match road conditions. Driving too fast on icy roads can reduce your control and increase the risk of skidding.
b. Increase Following Distance:
- Longer Distance: Maintain a greater distance from the vehicle in front of you to allow for longer stopping distances on slippery surfaces.
c. Smooth Operations:
- Gentle Maneuvers: Make smooth and gradual inputs with the steering wheel, accelerator, and brakes. Abrupt movements can cause skidding.
d. Avoid Sudden Stops:
- Braking: Avoid slamming on the brakes. Instead, use gentle and gradual braking to reduce the risk of skidding.
3. Handling Skids
a. Stay Calm:
- Controlled Response: If you start to skid, remain calm and avoid overcorrecting. Sudden reactions can make the skid worse.
b. Steering:
- Correcting Skids: Steer in the direction you want to go. If the rear of your car is sliding, turn the steering wheel in the direction you want the front to go.
c. Braking:
- ABS Brakes: If your car has anti-lock brakes (ABS), apply steady pressure to the brake pedal without pumping. ABS will help maintain steering control.
4. Visibility and Communication
a. Clear Windows:
- Defrosting: Make sure all windows, mirrors, and lights are clear of snow and ice before driving. Use your vehicle’s defroster and heater.
b. Use Headlights:
- Visibility: Turn on your headlights in snowy or foggy conditions to increase visibility. Avoid using high beams in fog or heavy snow, as they can reduce visibility.
5. Plan Your Route
a. Check Conditions:
- Weather Reports: Monitor weather forecasts and road conditions before traveling. Avoid driving in severe weather if possible.
b. Inform Others:
- Travel Plans: Let someone know your travel plans and estimated arrival time, especially if you’re heading into potentially hazardous conditions.
